Everything about Photo-reactive Amino Acid Analog totally explained
Photo-reactive amino acid analogs for
in-vivo crosslinking of protein complexes were introduced in 2005 by researchers from the Max Planck Institute In this method, cells are grown with
photoreactive diazirine analogs to
leucine and
methionine, which are incorporated into proteins. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the diazirines are activated and bind to interacting proteins that are within a few
angstroms of the photo-reactive amino acid analog.
L-Photo-Leucine and L-Photo-Methionine are analogs of the naturally occurring L-Leucine and L-Methionine amino acids that are endogenously incorporated into the primary sequence of proteins during synthesis using the normal translation machinery. They are then ultraviolet light (UV)-activated to covalently crosslink proteins within
protein-protein interaction domains in their native
in-vivo environment. The method enables the determination and characterization of both stable and transient protein interactions in cells without the addition of chemical crosslinkers and associated solvents that can adversely affect the
cell biology being studied in the experiment.
When used in combination with limiting media that's devoid of leucine and methionine, the photo-activatable derivatives are treated like naturally occurring amino acids by the cellular
protein synthesis machinery. As a result, they can be substituted for leucine or methionine in the primary structure of proteins. Photo-leucine and photo-methionine derivatives contain diazirine rings that are activated when exposed to UV light to become reactive intermediates that form covalent bonds with nearby protein side chains and backbones. Naturally interacting proteins within the cell can be instantly trapped by photoactivation of the diazirine-containing proteins in the cultured cells. Crosslinked protein complexes can be detected by decreased mobility on SDS-PAGE followed by
Western blotting,
size exclusion chromatography, sucrose density gradient sedimentation or
mass spectrometry.
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